Walls Around the World

On the 20th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall, BBC Mundo looks at barriers, which are still standing -- or have gone up since -- around the world.

WALLS STILL STANDING

West Bank

Northern Ireland

Saudi Arabia

Melilla and Ceuta

Cyprus

Pakistan-Iran

Rio de Janiero

Mexico-US

India-Pakistan

Korean border

Western Sahara

Iraq-Kuwait

Botswana-Zimbabwe

Walls Around the World.

From Northern Ireland to South Korea to Cyprus -- walls once embedded take on a life of their own -- dividing countries, social economic classes, and in some cases, family members.

Since the beginning of the year, Rio de Janeiro has been building walls around its favelas -- shanty towns on the hills around the city -- which will eventually be surrounded by concrete with a total length of 8.6 miles.

At the end of the 20th Century, Spain began constructing barriers in Ceuta and Melilla, to prevent illegal immigration from Africa. The people of Ceuta and Melilla have paid the price of living in a fortified city.

Designed as a temporary measure to keep fighting Protestant and Catholic communities apart, many "peace walls" are stills standing. The most recent wall was built as last year at a primary school north of Belfast.

The border between Mexico and the United States is 1,988 miles long. The US government has built a metal wall along a third of it, at an estimated cost so far of $2.5 billion to prevent the arrival of illegal immigrants from Mexico and Central America.

The Korean Reunification

On Monday, I saw a documentary as part of the San Diego Asian Film Festival, called Tiger Spirit.
Korean Canadian filmmaker Min Sook Lee intended her project to focus on the elusive and possibly extinct Korean Tiger, which is an important symbol for the Korean fighting spirit.
During filming however Lee's attention turns to the 56-year-old wall separating the two Koreas and millions of family members.
The heavily guarded DMZ was created in 1953, following the 3-year Korean war that ended in stalemate and armistice between the communist-backed North and U.S.-backed South.
At the time, Koreans assumed reunification would shortly follow.
Separation then was 'merely' geographical. It has over the years become a wide cultural expanse. South Korea has opened to capitalism while North Korea of course has grown more isolated.
During the film, we meet former North Koreans who defected south and find themselves strangers adrift in a foreign country. They must attend indoctrination classes to repatriate. They rely on each other. They start families. Get jobs. But when they close their eyes, they still dream of the Korea they know in the North. They can never return.
However, the film culminates with a 3-day reunification event between family members separated during the war. Those who fled to the South are now well into their 70s, 80s and 90s. They are picked by a lottery to attend. Many who have applied discover that their siblings and cousins have died off in the five decades.
The reunions are tightly controlled and observed. Lee doesn't tell us exactly who is observing. We know the North Koreans are under watch, but we must also assume the South Korean government has its own interests in the event. Participants are allowed only two hours of privacy in a hotel room during one of the days.
Those who are selected see old men and women looking back at them. They try to communicate through the barriers of time and dementia. As the last meeting ends, the North Koreans board buses to return them to Pyongyang. Their old family members waving them off can be heard crying and breaking down as they see their siblings probably for the last time.
It's a heartbreaking tale created by one of the most enduring walls of the last half century.
-Ned

The money wall

The rich love to create money walls between themselves and "the rest." It doesn't matter if the walls they erect ultimately boomerang and take them down.

The argument of this fascinating and deeply provoking book is easy to summarise: among rich countries, the more unequal ones do worse according to almost every quality of life indicator you can imagine. They do worse even if they are richer overall, so that per capita GDP turns out to be much less significant for general wellbeing than the size of the gap between the richest and poorest 20 per cent of the population (the basic measure of inequality the authors use).

Separation as Archaeological Discovery

The piece below is in response to a recent article reporting the discovery of a wall, 3,700 years old, buried below modern Jerusalem.

Separation as Archaeological Discovery

The sensation is the thought (the sheer thought!) that rocks could be stacked so straight and so high without the use of mechanical equipment. The fascination (the sheer fascination!) is to wonder how a people could do this so long ago when the architects and engineers of our time haven’t a clue.

The lead has been buried. The rocks, stacked eight meters high, have been arranged to form that oldest of structures -- the wall. The desire (the sheer desire!) to separate humankind from one another is more ancient than the City of David. More ancient than that current policy of separation and oppression masked as self-defense.

Sartre's Wall

In 1939, Jean-Paul Sartre wrote a short story titled, "The Wall." It takes place in Franco's Spain, and concerns a group of men about to be executed as anarchists - against a prison wall.

"Something is going to happen to us than I can't understand."

There was a strange smell about Tom. It seemed to me I was more sensitive than usual to odors. I grinned. "You'll understand in a while."

"It isn't clear," he said obstinately. "I want to be brave but first I have to know. . . .Listen, they're going to take us into the courtyard. Good. They're going to stand up in front of us. How many?"

"l don't know. Five or eight. Not more."

"All right. There'll be eight. Someone'll holler 'aim!' and I'll see eight rifles looking at me. I'll think how I'd like to get inside the wall, I'll push against it with my back. . . . with every ounce of strength I have, but the wall will stay, like in a nightmare. I can imagine all that. If you only knew how well I can imagine it."

"All right, all right!" I said. "I can imagine it too."

The Walls of Israel

Walls can be used to define Israel. Here's one, using a hole in the wall to suggest a besieged Israel:


Here's another Israeli hole in the wall, except this one suggests tyranny:



Jerusalem's Western, or Wailing, Wall is world famous, but how many people have seen its Eastern Wall?


The more Israeli archeologists excavate Jerusalem, the more walls they find:


Will anyone have the courage to tell Israel to tear down their walls?

Wall Poems

Poets don't write many wall poems - I think because walls sometimes make poets maudlin. Here are a few:

from Robert Frost, Mending Walls:

SOMETHING there is that doesn't love a wall,
That sends the frozen-ground-swell under it,
And spills the upper boulders in the sun;
And makes gaps even two can pass abreast.

from Heungshan, an Angel Island Poem:

There are tens of thousands of poems on these walls
They are all cries of suffering and sadness
The day I am rid of this prison and become successful
I must remember that this chapter once existed
I must be frugal in my dailyneeds
Needless extravagance usually leads to ruin
All my compatriots should remember China
Once you have made some small gains,
you should return home early.

from Karla Kelsey, We Do Wall Good:

One thing we do so good together Is we wall, yes we wall so so good ogether. Like that time. Like that time You held my arms so tight, you held my arms so tight To show me how your love was good, so Good inside your dark green Nova in the rain.

It's just that we wall and we wall and we wall So good together, Like brother to brother we hit hand to face And your silver ring grazes my lips - A forbidden embrace, a brother to brother Show of love, big hand And show of love.

from W. H. Auden, Roman Wall Blues:

The rain comes pattering out of the sky,
I'm a Wall soldier, I don't know why.

The mist creeps over the hard grey stone,
My girl's in Tungria; I sleep alone.

Aulus goes hanging around her place,
I don't like his manners, I don't like his face.

Piso's a Christian, he worships a fish;
There'd be no kissing if he had his wish.

She gave me a ring but I diced it away;
I want my girl and I want my pay.

When I'm a veteran with only one eye
I shall do nothing but look at the sky.

Border Walls

In about a week Fiction International will begin to receive submissions for the theme "Walls." Why walls? Because they are everywhere Politicians love building (erecting) walls. Here are a few:

There's a wall in China. It was supposed to keep out invaders, but it didn't.

There's another in England. It was supposed to mark the borders of an empire. But it didn't.

So why would this wall achieve both purposes?